The bible, by todays standards, evidences morals we reject.
Refutation
The argument silently assumes that 'more recent' equals 'more correct' — what C.S. Lewis called chronological snobbery. That modern intuitions feel self-evident to us does not establish that they are the objective standard by which all prior eras must be judged; the question of whether current moral fashions are themselves correct is exactly what is in dispute and cannot be assumed as the premise. That said, the honest scholarly move is not flat denial but comparative and hermeneutical analysis. First, distinguish description from prescription: narrative texts (e.g., polygamy, Levite's concubine, Lot's daughters) typically narrate without endorsing, and the surrounding narrative frequently signals disaster following these episodes (Judges' repeated refrain 'everyone did what was right in his own eyes' functions as editorial critique, not approval). Second, apply comparative Ancient Near Eastern analysis: measured against contemporary law codes (Hammurabi, the Middle Assyrian Laws, Nuzi/Mari texts), biblical law is consistently more restraining and humanizing — e.g., Exod 21:26-27 mandates manumission for injuring a slave (no ANE parallel affords slaves this remedy), Deut 23:15-16 forbids returning an escaped slave (unique in the ANE), and cities of refuge (Num 35) curb private blood-vengeance that other codes left unchecked (John Walton, *Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament*). Third, apply William Webb's 'redemptive-movement hermeneutic' (*Slaves, Women & Homosexuals*): many OT statutes function to regulate and restrain pre-existing evils inherited from surrounding culture, moving incrementally toward a trajectory whose endpoint is disclosed only in the New Covenant (Gal 3:28), not as God's timeless ideal frozen at Sinai.
Positive case
The specific moral commitments modern secular society prizes — universal human dignity, opposition to slavery, equal worth regardless of sex or ethnicity — are not free-floating axioms discovered by secular reason ex nihilo; historian Tom Holland's *Dominion* traces how these commitments are the historically contingent inheritance of a Christian moral revolution (imago Dei, Gal 3:28, the early church's countercultural practice) rather than a universal human default (most civilizations, ancient and otherwise, took hierarchy, slavery, and inequality for granted without internal critique).
Steelmanned objection
By the moral standards contemporary Western society now takes as near-universal — human equality regardless of ethnicity or sex, opposition to chattel slavery, opposition to corporal/capital punishment for minor offenses, rejection of collective punishment — numerous biblical texts fall short or actively conflict. If Scripture were the product of a morally perfect, transcendent source, it should not lag behind or contradict moral truths a secular society has since come to recognize; that it does suggests it is instead a culturally-bound human product of its Bronze/Iron Age milieu.
Incoherence of the alternative
A secular 'moral progress' narrative needs a fixed standard against which change counts as *progress* rather than mere *difference*. Pure naturalism, on which morality is either evolved adaptive behavior or shifting social convention, has no non-arbitrary standard by which 'now' is better than 'then' — 'progress' presupposes exactly the kind of objective, transcendent moral target that consistent naturalism denies exists. The objection therefore borrows theological capital (an objective trajectory toward the Good) it cannot itself afford.
Fallacy tags
chronological snobbery
Sources cited
- William J. Webb, Slaves, Women & Homosexuals — redemptive-movement hermeneutic
- John H. Walton, Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament — comparative ANE legal analysis
- Tom Holland, Dominion — on the Christian genealogy of modern human-rights moral intuitions
- C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity / 'Chronological Snobbery' (see also The Screwtape Letters preface) — on the fallacy of assuming later ideas are automatically superior
Scripture referenced
Exod 21:26-27, Deut 23:15-16, Num 35, Gal 3:28, Judges 21:25
Confidence
concedes-difficulty-but-not-fatal
Review status
no content-completeness issues flagged
Source locator
Positions → row 3
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