Isaiah 11:10-13 depicts an ideal Davidic ruler ('root of Jesse') whose reign brings the regathering of exiles from Assyria, Egypt, Cush, Elam, and elsewhere, and the reunification of Ephraim and Judah -- none of which has occurred.

As with Isaiah 2 and 9, this passage is marked by the open eschatological formula 'bayom hahu' ('on that day,' v.10, 11), distinguishing it from Isaiah's genuinely dated, near-term oracles (contrast the specific 65-year timeline in Isa 7:8, or Jeremiah's dated 70-year exile prediction, Jer 25:11-12, which was in fact fulfilled on schedule). The scope described here -- an ingathering 'from the four corners of the earth' and full reconciliation of the two former kingdoms -- exceeds anything achieved even in the post-exilic return under Cyrus, and the New Testament treats it as still unfolding: Paul's argument in Romans 11 that 'all Israel will be saved' draws directly on this same prophetic hope as a still-future reality being worked out in history. Since the claim was never presented, in Christian reading, as complete, calling it 'failed' requires treating an explicitly open-horizon hope as though it carried an expired due date it never had.

Romans 11:25-27 shows Paul consciously extending this same Isaianic ingathering hope forward, treating it as a live, unfolding promise rather than a settled or abandoned one -- continuity of expectation across thirteen centuries of the same textual tradition (from Isaiah to Paul) is itself notable.